In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the genotoxicity of titanium dioxide, GST

Titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) was used in various applications a wide range of products including food, cosmetics and photocatalyst. General toxicity studies titanium dioxide, GST (Green Sludge Titanium) have been investigated several reports, whereas concerning mutagenicity genotoxicity not elucidated. Herein, we the potential by genetic toxicology testing. The bacterial reverse mutation test conducted pre-incubation method presence absence metabolic activation system (S9 mixture). chromosome aberration performed using cultured Chinese hamster lung cell line S9 mixture. micronucleus specific pathogen-free male ICR mice. Genotoxicity tests were following guidelines Organisation for Economic Cooperation Development with application Good Laboratory Practice. No statistically significant increases found test, vitro vivo when tested induction GST. These results suggest that did induce both system.